League of Fans

Sources: FieldOfSchemes.com, National Sports Law Institute of Marquette University Law School's "Sports Facility Reports", Cato Institute, ballparks.com, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and wire and newspaper reports published on or before September 9, 2003.

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Number of major professional (MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL) sports stadiums and arenas constructed from 1990-present:
63 (31 stadiums and 32 arenas, with 4 of the arenas located in Canada)

Number of major professional sports stadiums and arenas significantly renovated from 1990-present:
12 (8 stadiums and 4 arenas)

Number out of the 75 total construction/renovation projects from 1990-present that used less than 25% public subsidies for completion:
18 (4 stadiums and 14 arenas, with 4 of the arenas located in Canada)

Total cost of the 70 construction/renovation projects:
$17.312 billion

Total public subsidy for the 70 construction/renovation projects:
$10.374 billion, 60% of total

Total cost of the 39 stadium construction/renovation projects:
$10.822 billion

Total public subsidy for the 39 stadium construction/renovation projects:
$7.381 billion, 68% of total

Total cost of the 36 arena construction/renovation projects:
$6.310 billion

Total public subsidy for the 35 arena construction/renovation projects:
$2.993 billion, 47% of total

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National Football League
410 Park Ave., New York, NY 10022
Commissioner: Paul Tagliabue
tel (212) 758-1500

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(listed alphabetically by franchise)

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Atlanta Falcons
4400 Falcon Parkway, Flowery Branch, GA 30542
Primary Owners: Arthur Blank
tel (770) 965-3115 / fax (770) 965-3185

Georgia Dome (Opened in 1992)

Total Cost:
$214 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$214 million, 100% of total (hotel and motel tax, gate and concession tax)

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Baltimore Ravens
200 St. Paul Place, Suite 2400, Baltimore, MD 21202
Primary Owners: Arthur B. Modell and Stephen Biscotti
tel (410) 547-8100 / fax (410) 547-8112

M & T Bank Stadium (Opened in 1998)

Total Cost:
$229 million

State Public Subsidy:
$200 million, 87% of total (general fund, lottery proceeds)

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Buffalo Bills
One Bills Drive, Orchard Park, NY 14127
Primary Owner: Ralph C. Wilson, Jr.
tel (716) 648-1800 / fax (716) 649-6446

Ralph Wilson Stadium (Opened in 1973, Renovation in 1999)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$63 million

State Public Subsidy:
$63 million, 100% of total (general fund)

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Carolina Panthers
800 S. Mint Street, Charlotte, NC 28202-1502
Primary Owner: Jerry Richardson
tel (704) 358-7000 / fax (704) 358-7618

Ericsson Stadium (Opened in 1996)

Total Cost:
$298 million

City Public Subsidy:
$60 million, 20% of total (land grant, general fund)

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Chicago Bears
1000 Football Drive, Lake Forest, IL 60045
Primary Owners: Michael McCaskey and family
tel (847) 295-6600 / fax (847) 295-8986

Soldier Field (Opened in 1924, Renovation in 2003)

Stadium Renovation Cost:
$632 million

City Public Subsidy:
$432 million, 68% of total (hotel tax, and $5 million a year from the city's share of state income tax)

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Cincinnati Bengals
One Paul Brown Stadium Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45202
Primary Owner: Mike Brown
tel (513) 621-3550 / fax (513) 621-3570

Paul Brown Stadium (Opened in 2000)

Total Cost:
$452 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$452 million, 100% of total (sales tax)

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Cleveland Browns
76 Lou Groza Boulevard, Berea, OH 44017
Primary Owner: Alfred Lerner
tel (440) 891-5000 / fax (440) 891-5009

Cleveland Browns Stadium (Opened in 1999)

Total Cost:
$309 million

County Public Subsidy:
$216 million, 70% of total (alcohol and tobacco tax)

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Denver Broncos
1300 Broncos Parkway, Englewood, CO 80112
Primary Owner: Pat Bowlen
tel (303) 649-9000 / fax (303) 649-9354

Invesco Field at Mile High (Opened in 2001)

Total Cost:
$360 million

Multi-County Public Subsidy:
$270 million, 75% of total (sales tax)

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Detroit Lions
1200 Featherstone Road, Pontiac, MI 48342
Primary Owner: William Clay Ford
tel (248) 858-7358 / fax (248) 456-1691

Ford Field (Opened in 2002)

Total Cost:
$300 million

County Public Subsidy:
$95 million, 31.7% of total (hotel and rental car tax, general fund)

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Green Bay Packers
1265 Lombardi Avenue, P.O. Box 10628, Green Bay, WI 54307-0628
Primary Owners: Community-owned non-profit
President, CEO, and Director: Robert E. Harlan
tel (920) 496-5700 / fax (920) 496-5712

Lambeau Field (Opened in 1957, Renovated in 2003)

Stadium Renovation Cost:
$295 million

County Public Subsidy:
$169 million, 57% of total (sales tax)

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Houston Texans
711 Louisiana, 33rd Floor, Houston, TX 77002-2716
Primary Owner: Robert C. McNair
tel (713) 336-7700

Reliant Stadium (Opened in 2002)

Total Cost:
$402 million

City, County Public Subsidy:
$287 million, 71.4% of total (hotel and rental car tax, ticket, parking and sales tax at stadium)

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Jacksonville Jaguars
One Alltel Stadium Place, Jacksonville, FL 32202
Primary Owner: J. Wayne Weaver
tel (904) 633-6000 / fax (904) 633-6050

Alltel Stadium (Opened in 1946, Renovated in 1995)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$135 million

City, State Public Subsidy:
$122 million, 90% of total (hotel and rental car tax, gate and concession tax, general fund)

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New England Patriots
60 Washington Street, Foxboro, MA 02035
Primary Owner: Robert Kraft
tel (508) 543-8200 / fax (508) 543-0285

Gillette Stadium (Opened in 2002)

Total Cost:
$395 million

State Public Subsidy:
$70 million, 17.7% of total (general fund)

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Oakland Raiders
1220 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502
Primary Owner: Al Davis
tel (510) 864-5000 / fax (510) 864-5134

Network Associates Coliseum (Opened in 1966, Renovated in 1996), shared with the A's (MLB)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$225 million

City, County Public Subsidy:
$225 million, 100% of total (general fund)

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Philadelphia Eagles
3501 S. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19148-5201
Primary Owner: Jeffrey Lurie
tel (215) 463-2500 / fax (215) 339-5464

Lincoln Financial Field (Opened in 2003)

New Stadium Estimated Cost:
$520 million

City, State Public Subsidy:
$265 million, 51% of total (rental car tax, sales and property taxes in stadium district, and general fund)

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Pittsburgh Steelers
3400 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203-2349
Primary Owner: Daniel M. Rooney
tel (412) 432-7800 / fax (412) 432-7878

Heinz Field (Opened in 2001)

Total Cost:
$244 million

County, State Public Subsidy:
$177 million, 72.5% of total (sales tax, general fund)

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St. Louis Rams
1 Rams Way, St. Louis, MO 63045
Pimary Owner: Georgia Frontiere
tel (314) 982-7267 / fax (314) 770-9261

Edward Jones Dome (Opened in 1995)

Total Cost:
$300 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$300 million, 100% of total (hotel and motel tax, general fund)

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San Diego Chargers
4020 Murphy Canyon Road, P.O. Box 609609, San Diego, CA 92160-9609
Primary Owner: Alexander G. Spanos
tel (858) 874-4500 / fax (858) 292-2760

Qualcomm Stadium (Opened in 1967, Renovated in 1997), shared with the Padres (MLB)

Total Cost of Renovation:
$78 million

City Public Subsidy:
$60 million, 77% of total (general fund)

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Seattle Seahawks
11220 NE 53rd Street, Kirkland, WA 98033
Primary Owner: Paul G. Allen
tel (425) 827-9777 / fax (425) 893-5066

Total Cost:
$430 million

City, County, State Public Subsidy:
$323 million, 75 % of total (sales tax, gate and concession tax, hotel and rental car tax, lottery proceeds)

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Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1 Buccaneer Place, Tampa, FL 33607
Primary Owner: Malcolm I. Glazer
tel (813) 870-2700 / fax (813) 878-0813

Raymond James Stadium (Opened in 1998)

Total Cost:
$190 million

City Public Subsidy:
$190 million, 100% of total (sales tax)

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Tennessee Titans
460 Great Circle Road, Nashville, TN 37228
Primary Owner: K. S. (Bud) Adams Jr.
tel (615) 565-4000 / fax (615) 565-4105

The Coliseum (Opened in 1999)

Total Cost:
$292 million

City, State Public Subsidy:
$292 million, 100% of total (hotel and rental car tax, gate and concession tax, general fund)

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Washington Redskins
21300 Redskins Park Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147
Primary Owner: Daniel Snyder
tel (703) 478-8900 / (703) 729-7605

FedEx Field (Opened in 1997)

Total Cost:
$251 million

State (Maryland) Public Subsidy:
$71 million, 28% of total (general fund)

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